{"id":2885,"date":"2021-12-01T12:05:54","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T12:05:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icpa.ro\/profisol\/"},"modified":"2026-04-29T14:09:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T14:09:25","slug":"profisol","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icpa.ro\/en\/profisol\/","title":{"rendered":"Profisol"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”bottom” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_image=”1217″ bg_position=”center center” background_image_loading=”default” bg_repeat=”no-repeat” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”18%” bottom_padding=”4%” text_color=”light” text_align=”center” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.5″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” shape_divider_height=”350″ bg_image_animation=”fade-in” parallax_bg=”true” parallax_bg_speed=”fast” shape_type=”mountains”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” centered_text=”true” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][split_line_heading animation_type=”line-reveal-by-space” font_style=”h1″ text_color=”#999999″ content_alignment=”default” mobile_content_alignment=”inherit” text_content=”Profisol” max_width=”800″][\/split_line_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”50px”][split_line_heading animation_type=”default”]\n

Soil Profile Database – PROFISOL<\/h4>\n[\/split_line_heading][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”2px”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”padding-2-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”left” top_margin=”40px” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”7\/12″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]The soil profile (soil section)<\/strong>, also known as pedogenetic profile<\/strong>, consists of a succession of layers that differ in color and chemical composition, called pedogenetic horizons, from the land surface down to the parent rock. The soil appears structured in parallel and multi-parallel layers. These layers formed during the soil formation process and are referred to as pedogenetic horizons.<\/p>\n

The database of main characteristics of soil profiles in Romania – PROFISOL –<\/strong> was developed within ICPA’s research-development program in several stages, between 1986 and 1996 (Vlad et al., 1987-1996). Its purpose was to provide facilities for storing, retrieving, and processing data on existing soil profiles and those to be created within pedological studies and research in Romania.<\/p>\n

The PROFISOL database is a complex tool that includes morphological, physical, and chemical characteristics of the soil, pedotransfer functions<\/strong>, and various processing facilities in an integrated form.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”]

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Cambic Rendzina <\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>
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Lithic Alluviosol <\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>
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Typical Gleysol <\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>
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Albic Luvisol <\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>
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<\/span> <\/div> <\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”40px”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_color=”#eeeff4″ scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” id=”componenta” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”30px”][vc_column_text]\n

PROFISOL Database Components<\/em><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”padding-1-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”1px” column_border_color=”#33cc66″ column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]GENERAL DATA<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”padding-1-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” bottom_margin=”20px” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”1px” column_border_color=”#33cc66″ column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]PHYSICAL DATA<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”padding-1-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”1px” column_border_color=”#33cc66″ column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]CHEMICAL DATA<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”padding-1-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”1px” column_border_color=”#33cc66″ column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]MORPHOLOGICAL DATA AND FIELD CONDITIONS<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”padding-1-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”1px” column_border_color=”#33cc66″ column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”30px”][vc_column_text]Example of physical and chemical properties of soil profile 006334 from Segarcea – Dolj: Typical Argilluvic Chernozem (EUROPEAN SOIL BUREAU – RESEARCH REPORT NO.4<\/a>)[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Horizon \/ Horizon Depth \/ Sample Depth<\/td>\nUnit<\/td>\nAp \/ 0-18 \/ 0-18<\/td>\nAm \/ 18-41 \/ 20-30<\/td>\nA\/B \/ 42-73 \/ 50-60<\/td>\nBt1 \/ 73-105 \/ 80-90<\/td>\nBt2 \/ 103-140 \/ 110-120<\/td>\nCc \/ 140-160 \/ 145-155<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Physical Properties
\n<\/u><\/td>\n		<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Coarse sand<\/td>\n%W\/W<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fine sand<\/td>\n%W\/W<\/td>\n32.4<\/td>\n29.1<\/td>\n26.2<\/td>\n27.5<\/td>\n30.0<\/td>\n31.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Silt<\/td>\n%W\/W<\/td>\n26.9<\/td>\n22.9<\/td>\n22.8<\/td>\n24.7<\/td>\n23.6<\/td>\n23.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clay<\/td>\n%W\/W<\/td>\n40.4<\/td>\n47.4<\/td>\n50.5<\/td>\n47.3<\/td>\n44.8<\/td>\n45.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Physical clay<\/td>\n%W\/W<\/td>\n54.6<\/td>\n62.1<\/td>\n66.6<\/td>\n62.2<\/td>\n58.8<\/td>\n60.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bulk density<\/td>\nG\/CM3<\/td>\n1.28<\/td>\n1.33<\/td>\n1.40<\/td>\n1.51<\/td>\n1.43<\/td>\n1.40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Total porosity<\/td>\n% V\/V<\/td>\n51.6<\/td>\n49.8<\/td>\n47.3<\/td>\n43.6<\/td>\n46.5<\/td>\n48.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aeration porosity<\/td>\n% V\/V<\/td>\n15.9<\/td>\n14.4<\/td>\n12.2<\/td>\n8.8<\/td>\n14.5<\/td>\n16.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shrinkage index<\/td>\n% V\/V<\/td>\n0.0<\/td>\n5.5<\/td>\n11.1<\/td>\n17.2<\/td>\n11.0<\/td>\n8.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hygroscopicity coefficient<\/td>\n% W\/W<\/td>\n9.0<\/td>\n11.1<\/td>\n12.6<\/td>\n11.5<\/td>\n11.5<\/td>\n11.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Wilting coefficient<\/td>\n% W\/W<\/td>\n13.5<\/td>\n16.6<\/td>\n18.6<\/td>\n17.2<\/td>\n17.5<\/td>\n16.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Field capacity<\/td>\n% W\/W<\/td>\n27.9<\/td>\n26.6<\/td>\n25.1<\/td>\n23.0<\/td>\n22.7<\/td>\n22.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Total water capacity<\/td>\n% W\/W<\/td>\n40.3<\/td>\n37.4<\/td>\n33.8<\/td>\n28.8<\/td>\n32.5<\/td>\n34.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Average moisture capacity<\/td>\n% W\/W<\/td>\n14.4<\/td>\n9.9<\/td>\n6.2<\/td>\n5.7<\/td>\n5.1<\/td>\n5.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Available water capacity<\/td>\n% W\/W<\/td>\n12.4<\/td>\n10.8<\/td>\n8.7<\/td>\n5.8<\/td>\n10.7<\/td>\n11.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydraulic conductivity<\/td>\nMM\/H<\/td>\n1.9<\/td>\n0.8<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chemical Properties<\/u><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Humus<\/td>\n% W\/W<\/td>\n4.0<\/td>\n2.5<\/td>\n1.9<\/td>\n1.2<\/td>\n0.7<\/td>\n0.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Total Nitrogen (N)<\/td>\n% W\/W<\/td>\n0.180<\/td>\n1.120<\/td>\n0.089<\/td>\n0.055<\/td>\n0.033<\/td>\n0.037<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\/N<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n15.0<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n14.4<\/td>\n14.6<\/td>\n14.1<\/td>\n14.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CaCO3<\/td>\n% W\/W<\/td>\n0.0<\/td>\n0.0<\/td>\n0.0<\/td>\n0.0<\/td>\n0.0<\/td>\n8.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH in H2O<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n6.4<\/td>\n6.3<\/td>\n6.3<\/td>\n6.5<\/td>\n6.9<\/td>\n8.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Total Cation Exchange Capacity<\/td>\nME\/100 G<\/td>\n30.4<\/td>\n30.2<\/td>\n31.5<\/td>\n30.3<\/td>\nnd<\/td>\n27.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Exchangeable Calcium Cations<\/td>\nME\/100 G<\/td>\n24.8<\/td>\n24.1<\/td>\n24.8<\/td>\n24.0<\/td>\nnd<\/td>\n22.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Exchangeable Magnesium Cations<\/td>\nME\/100 G<\/td>\n4.7<\/td>\n5.4<\/td>\n5.9<\/td>\n5.4<\/td>\nnd<\/td>\n4.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Exchangeable Potassium Cations<\/td>\nME\/100 G<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\nnd<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Exchangeable Sodium Cations<\/td>\nME\/100 G<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\nnd<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line”][vc_column_text]To date, the database has been loaded with data from over 4200 soil profiles<\/strong>, all of which have physical data (approx. 200 data points\/profile), over 450 also have chemical data (approx. 125 data points\/profile, including for groundwater), and over 170 have all types of data (approx. 1000 data points\/profile).[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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